Environmental Issues of Japan - 768 Words

The focus of this paper is the show you three environmental issues of that japan have in its country. The three environmental issues that Japans has are the Energy management, nuclear power, and fishing and whaling. Energy management, the first environmental issue, is how much japans waste’s energy on the cell phones and insulations in their homes. Nuclear power, the second environmental issue, nuclear power provides 35% of electricity and we all remember the earthquake that destroyed half of them that was a big issue. Fishing and Whaling, the third environmental issue, is about the food the fish way too much, and there is less fish and whales in their water for them to keep doing it. Energy management, the first environmental issue, is†¦show more content†¦The Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant was completely shut down for 21 months following an earthquake in 2007. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami caused the failure of cooling systems at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant on March 11 and a nuclear emergency was declared. This was the first time a nuclear emergency had been declared in Japan, and 140,000 residents within 20 km of the plant were evacuated. The total amount of radioactive material released is unclear, as the crisis is on going. On 6 May 2011, Prime Minister ordered the Hamaoka Nuclear Power Plant be shut down, as an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 or higher is likely to hit the area within the next 30 years. Fishing and Whaling, the third environmental issue, is about the food the fish way too much, and there is less fish and whales in their water for them to keep doing it. In the Japanese diets, fish and its products are more prominent than other types of meat. Because of the depletion of ocean stocks in the late 20th century, Japan s total annual fish catch has been diminishing rapidly. Japan, along with the United States and the European Union, occupies the large part of international fish trade. Japanese fish catches were the third in the world in 2000, following China and Peru. The United States, Chile, Indonesia, the Russian Federation and India were other major countries. By 2004, the number of adult Atlantic Bluefin tuna capable ofShow MoreRelatedAustralia And Japan s Relationship1591 Words   |  7 PagesAustralia and Japan’s relationship has strengthened greatly over the last few decades. Japan has emerged from an enemy at the end of world war two to one of Australiaâ⠂¬â„¢s most important allies today. The relationship between the two focuses on a number of areas, in particular trade, as Japan’s economy is very prosperous to Australia. Maintaining such a relationship has not always been straightforward, often presenting difficulties where the countries stray in values and opinions. 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Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheits Impacts on the World of...

Everything is measured, even the hottest and the coldest temperatures can be measured, and in that case, the word fahrenheit comes into use. the book Word People by Nancy Sorel, defines fahrenheit as â€Å"pertaining to a temperature scale that registers the freezing point of water as 32 F and the boiling point as 212 F under standard atmospheric pressure† (Sorel 99). But the word fahrenheit, itself has its history of its creation, and was named after a physicist engineer, named Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. Fahrenheit would soon change the world of measuring. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was born on Danzig, Germany in 1869. He was one of Concordia and Daniel Schumann Fahrenheit’s five children. He was the oldest amongst his two brothers and three sisters, whom all survived throughout their childhood. Fahrenheit’s mother was the daughter of a well known Danzig business family (Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit Biography ) . His father was a wealthy merchant, and therefore his family was a merchant family, they in several Hanseatic cities . According to the book Word People by Nancy Sorel, at the age of fifteen, both of his parents suddenly died from eating poisonous mushrooms on August 14, 1701 (Sorel 99). His guardian sent him to Amsterdam, Netherlands to study business, where he spent most of his life. He

The Retail Industries in this Global World King

Questions: 1. Identification of the role of a recruitment agency? 2. The Reason behind the choosing of the recruitment agencies by the employers of Retail sectors? 3. The relevant criteria an employer should use to select an agency to recruit for them? 4. Analysis of the effective relationship building of The HR department with the Recruitment agencies? Answers: Introduction The retail industries in this global world are considered as the relevant source of the diversified and merchandised opportunities. King (2014) stated that the recruitment procedure is essential in considering the deployment of the skilled employees. The human resource management has to take the initiative to select the relevant employee for the organisation. However, Wood et al. (2014) implied that the retail industry is locating in a vast area. Therefore, the recruitment agency plays the vital role in recruiting the suitable candidate. The study will be illustrating the necessity of the recruitment process with the special reference of retail sector. 1. Identification of the role of a recruitment agency According to Katou and Budhwar (2015), the recruitment agency is the considerable firm, which is relevantly choosing the suitable candidate for the employers. However, it is important to note that there are several noticeable differences between the employment agencies and the recruitment agencies. Snell et al. (2015) indicated that the recruitment agency redirects the candidate for a particular employer whereas the employment agency is confirming the jobs of a candidate from indirect sources. It is to be ensured that the recruitment agency is aligned with the implementations of the skilled information technologies. Therefore, the recruitment agency gets aware of the requirement of the employer. Accordingly, the agency selects the candidate and makes them alert about the procedures or the responsibilities of the employer. The improvisation in the information technologies is thus very much essential for the recruitment agencies and the feature substantiates the recruitment of the IT people mostly. Abdullah et al. (2013) mentioned that in most of the cases, the employers of the IT firms are mostly using the recruitment agencies for selecting the suitable candidate. The professional engineers are mostly selected as the suitable candidate for concerning the field. 2. The Reason behind the choosing of the recruitment agencies by the employers of Retail sectors It is very much indicative that the recruitment and the selection process are very much time consuming and difficult in justifying the relevant candidates. Bach et al. (2012) opined that the process of recruitment facilitates the number games. Many fields in retail sectors are concerned about the suitable employees and therefore, most of the employees have to struggle for being selected by the employers. Even the employers have to work harder while recruiting the suitable candidate for a relevant post. Most of the employees, who are applying for the job roles are skilled enough, which makes the difficult situation for the recruitment department to select the right person suitable for the job role. The retail sector is usually aligned with the fashion segments, skilled selling power, hospitality management, and the other aspects. The recruitment agencies select the candidates who are skilled enough for applying in these job roles. On the other hand, it is to be ensured that the recruitment agencies present their specific needs. According to Findlay et al. (2013), the retail sector is including of different fields, such as IT field, hospitality team, service team, management team, operational team, sales team, etc. Therefore, the employer needs to specify the department where the employees and accordingly, the recruitment agencies will ensure the suitable candidate for the relevant job roles. Fischer et al. (2012) pointed out that the employers usually ask for the right people who are appropriate for their required job roles, which is sometimes get difficult for them to find out the apt employees. The recruitment agencies advertise the job roles, which is helpful for the candidates to apply for the position. The responsibility maintained by the recruitment agencies is helpful for the employers since it saves more time. The human resource management that is appointed to such recruitment agencies needed to be mor e skilled about the technicalities and other relevant aspects applied in the selection process of retail companies. The justification of the employees skills will be enhancing the productivity in the relevant area of the retail sector. The recruitment industries spend more time while interviewing the candidates and choose them. Even they can inform the candidates for the relevant key skills that are needed for the applications. The recruiters associated with the retail industries are much skilled in hiring the employees for the retail sectors. Guivarch and Hallegatte (2013) implied that the employers build a strong relationship with the clients associated with the recruitment agencies and it enhances the understanding capabilities between the partner associations. When a recruit company is knowledgeable enough about the companies policies, terms, conditions, requirements, and other subjected area, it gets easier to find out the appropriate employee who will be able take the responsibilities by assuring the skills. The recruitment industries help in staffing, which saves times and pressures of an employer. Hope (2015) pointed out that when a company needs a retail employee, they sometimes arrange the advertisements or promotions. The cost, which is required to be invested during such advertising programs, sometimes, is similar to the cost that is needed to be paid to the recruitment agencies. Rather, the recruitment agencies can justify the right candidate suitable for the job role and effective enough in saving the work fo rce. The employees can even use the relevant search engines published by the recruitment agencies in various segments of the retail sectors. The variety of skills will be justifying the suitable candidate for the beneficial area of the employers. The availability of the service executives is also very much significant. The transparent relationship of the recruitment agencies with the employers will be much beneficial for selecting the responsible employees. Henceforth, the employers usually choose the recruitment industries in choosing the suitable candidate for the relevant job roles. 3. The relevant criteria an employer should use to select an agency to recruit for them It is quite indicative that an employer mostly looks for the appropriate employee for the selected job role. The recruitment agencies are ensuring the apt position for the suitable employee, which is very helpful for the employers. Ivery (2014) pointed out that the retail sector is facilitating different segmentations and the employees are selected accordingly. The recruitment agencies are thus finding the suitable candidates that are well matched for the job position. Expertise The retail sector s associated with several expertise, such as Human Resource/Training management, logistics, finance and administration, information technology, sales department, store operations, automotive skills, customer care centers, marketing, etc. Mueser et al. (2014) suggested that the Human Resource Management and training department is mainly aligned with the development and the implementations of the strategic objectives of a retail company. The different structure based companies are hiring candidates who will be able to manage the entire organisation as well as the internal business scenario. The recruitment agencies have to look for the suitable candidate, who is efficiently expertise in the required fields with the proper implementations of the technical amendments. The logistic industries are associated with almost 1.7 million employees in different organisations. The department is initiates with the different modes of transports and delivers goods with the help of the relevant transport system. Sparrow and Cooper (2012) implied that the supply chain industries are aligned with the chemical petroleum chains, Electronics Electrical chains, Automotive Chains, Clothing Footwear chains, Paper Printing chains, Food Dr ink Chains, Utilities, Furniture Furnishing chains, etc. The segments are important for the retail industries and based on such criteria, the recruitment agencies are choosing the relevant candidate for appointing them in these different departments. It is evident that the retail industries are expertise with the implementations of advanced technicalities. Therefore, the candidates should be skilled enough for these different departments. The recruitments industries are selecting the people who are skilled enough in using the advanced information technologies, which is one of the most important areas of the retail sectors. Therefore, the expertise team will be ensuring the technical amendments. On the other hand, the retail sector is associated with the implication of the fashion and knowledgeable about the different clothing sectors. The candidates who are eligible for the fashion fields can suggest the customers about the proper fashionable trends, which is attractive enough for availing more customers attentions. In fact, the recruitment team has to ensure the selection of the employees for the billing center, the machinery amendments, and for the improvisation of the different technologies relevant for the departmental aspect s. It is important to know that the present world is over fascinated with the implementations of the computer services. In keeping pace with such amendments, the necessity of the advanced information technological tools has become much fascinated. Therefore, the recruitment industries are usually looking for the suitable candidates, who are expertise in such fields like system functionality, ICT technologies, system administrative, and service delivery managements. The expertise team available in the recruitment agencies will be effectively testing the employees, who are applying for the relevant job roles. It helps the organisations to save their time and get the relevant employees for maintaining such responsibilities. The recruitment agencies are effective enough in choosing the eligible candidate for the employers in retail sectors, where the use of the advanced information technologies is much fascinated and required. 4. Analysis of the effective relationship building of The HR department with the Recruitment agencies It is quite evident that the role of the recruitment agencies is very much significant in starting up a new company. Especially in the retail sector, the recruitment agencies are looking for the candidates, who are skilled enough with the advanced technicalities. For the betterment of the recruitment and selection process, the HR department of the company has to build a transparent relationship with the recruitment agencies. The Fair relationship maintaining with recruitment agencies will be evaluating the proper delivery system for the selection process. Storey (2014) suggested that the recruitment agencies usually act as the vendor, which delivers the recruitment services. In building a fair relationship with the recruitment agencies, the HR department has to ensure a balanced relationship with them. Since the agencies are dealing with many clients, it is easier for them to choose the appropriate candidate for the suitable job roles. Bratton and Gold (2012) mentioned that the client who gets the best candidates can provide the employee support for the chosen department. In such manner, it is very much important for the HR department to initiate a written agreement with the recruitment agencies. On the other hand, it is also very much important to note that the HR department will standardize the payment through the different promotional channels. However, Arthur (2012) mentioned that in spite of having a signed agreement with the recruitment agencies, the HR department has to maintain the regular relationship with these agencies for their benefits. It enhances the transparency while communicating and making them aware of the requirement. If the HR department is building the skilled relationship with the recruitment agencies, it will be relevant enough for deciding the actual candidate who deserves the job role. Conclusion The entire study is reflecting the necessity of the recruitment agencies while selecting the eligible candidate for a definite job role in a retail sector. It is quite indicative that the retail sector emerges with the implementations of the information technologies as well as the different market segmentations. Therefore, the recruitment agencies help in coordinating with the parent company and helps in saving the time and pressure of the HR department. It is to be noted that the recruitment agencies are mainly dealing with the candidate expertise in the information technology departments. The person who is skilled enough in information technologies will be aptly chosen for the relevant for the specified job roles. Therefore, it is very much indicative that the role of the recruitment agencies is very much significant in choosing the relevant candidate for a specified job role in a retail sector. References King, S. (2014). Workforce, employee resourcing and development and the role of human resources. Wood, G., Brewster, C., and Brookes, M. (2014).Human resource management and the institutional perspective. Routledge. Katou, A. A., and Budhwar, P. (2015). Human resource management and organisational productivity: a systems approach based empirical analysis.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,2(3). Snell, S., Morris, S., and Bohlander, G. (2015).Managing human resources. Cengage Learning. Abdullah, D., Yoke, O. and Zakaria, R. (2013). Investigating Effective Ways to Maximize the Role of Recruitment Agencies.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 107, pp.13-21. Bach, T., Niklasson, B. and Painter, M. (2012). The role of agencies in policy-making.Policy and Society, 31(3), pp.183-193. Findlay, A., McCollum, D., Shubin, S., Apsite, E. and Krisjane, Z. (2013). The role of recruitment agencies in imagining and producing the good migrant.Social Cultural Geography, 14(2), pp.145-167. Fischer, D., Burgener, S., Kavanaugh, K., Ryan, C. and Keenan, G. (2012). Conducting research with end-of-life populations: Overcoming recruitment challenges when working with clinical agencies.Applied Nursing Research, 25(4), pp.258-263. Guivarch, C. and Hallegatte, S. (2013). 2C or not 2C?.Global Environmental Change, 23(1), pp.179-192. Hope, J. (2015). Incorporate inbound marketing into your recruitment strategy.Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners, 17(8), pp.1-7. Ivery, E. (2014). Understand different models of recruitment via 3rd-party companies.Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners, 17(4), pp.1-7. Mueser, K. T., Aalto, S., Becker, D. R., Ogden, J. S., Wolfe, R. S., Schiavo, D., and Xie, H. (2014). The effectiveness of skills training for improving outcomes in supported employment.Psychiatric services. Sparrow, P.,and Cooper, C. L. (2012).The employment relationship: Key challenges for HR. Routledge. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Bratton, J., and Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Arthur, D. (2012).Recruiting, interviewing, selecting orienting new employees. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.

Megans law and Adam Walsh Act

Introduction The phenomenon of sexual violence is considered to be one of the main health problems in the United States. With the present day shift in social consciousness and criminological analyses, the new approaches have been implemented in an effort of crime-reducing and preventing.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Megan’s law and Adam Walsh Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Requiring registration, public notification and following GPS monitoring of the ex-criminals, Megan’s law and Adam Marshal act aimed at decreasing recidivism of sexual offenders appeared to be ineffective due to imperfections of the system and various collateral consequences. The main hindrances reducing the effectiveness of the method significantly are inaccuracy of the state registries’ databases and certain level of naivety of the laws, focused on punishment of the previous crimes instead of preventing the new ones. Being aimed at making the citizens feel safe, these legislative laws, on the contrary, restrain the atmosphere resulting in panic and hysteria in the community and increasing aggression of the ex-offenders deprived of opportunities to reintegrate with the society. General characteristic of registration and public notification acts The early laws aimed at protecting citizens from repeated sexual offenders have been known since 1930s. The advent of innovative technologies and shifts in the public consciousness allowed creating a national Internet registry for the purpose of community notification making these acts more effective. Levi (2008) pointed at â€Å"The ‘death of the social’ and the ‘turn to community ’ have become common refrains in criminological analyses† (p. 583). The main advantages of contemporary Megan’s Law (1996) and Adam Walsh Act (2006) is their nationwide character and the requirement of regular updating of inf ormation by the offenders. The main goal of these legislative acts is making the community safer by means of providing the police and society with information required for watching their activities and making certain self-protective steps and preventing recidivism by means of enhancing the registrants’ consciousness that everyone watches them. With the entry of Megan’s Law and Adam Walsh Child Protection Act state that much focus has shifted on post offenders than those who are not yet convicted. This poses a threat in the sense that potential victims will shy away from those who have been branded real culprits. Instead, they will tend to associate with those who have not been convicted of the offence.Advertising Looking for research paper on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Megan’s Law focuses on neighborhood being notified of a sexual offender living within their proximity (O’Brien, 1 996). The Megan’s Law was passed as legislation on July 29, 1994 by the US congress after the rape and murder case of Megan Kanka (Levenson et al., 2007; O’Brien, 1996). A neighbor who lived across their street was convicted of committing the offence. Although, there was justification for the installation of the legal criteria imposed then through the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Law, the threat now would be focusing too much on already committed offence than looking at the causal factors from a societal holistic view (Solove, 2003). This is not to discredit the legislations but to criticize the public mindset of relying on it as panacea to ridding of crimes of the same nature. The perception may incline to repeat offenders than beginners or disguised characters. Actually, it was later noted that even some of the neighbors in the scene of the murder of Megan’s Kanka knew about the history of the suspect Joseph Cifelli (O’Brien, 1996). He was repeat offender but unaware to the parents of the victim (O’Brien, 1996). Prior to passing the Megan’s Law, states like Washington D.C. had already enacted the Community Protection Act. The legislation requires an offender to register with the local enforcement agency center soon after release from detention or supervised care (Caldwell, 2007). The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 came into the public domain on 2005 as the Children’s Safety and Violent Crime Reduction Act. Later, in March 2006 the senate passed it and was renamed as the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 (Denning Reynolds, 2009). This act is tailored towards protecting children from sexual molesting as well as violent crimes, curb children abuse and their indulgence into pornography and to improve the internet content safety. Adam Walsh Act provides for national minimum benchmark for the different States to register sex offenders. It comes with a three tiered approach system regarding the offense labeled on the individual in question. However, states are not restricted from applying the national approach otherwise the tier approach is meant to harmonize information as it is uploaded into the countrywide registry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Megan’s law and Adam Walsh Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As much as a law may sound tough, issues of implementation could introduce intricacies. For instance, origins of public notification, lack of supporting data determining the efficacy of public notification, the cost associated with implementing procedures, subsequent violence and the risk of notoriety, extension to other crimes as well as the constitutional rights of the individuals in question especially the right to privacy is doubtful (Levi, 2008). Despite the expected crime-reduction consequences of registration and notification acts, their eff ectiveness remains a rather doubtful point. For example, the question whether the Megan’s act could have saved Megan herself is often raised. The aspects of reliability of the registries information, its usefulness and crime-preventing effects as well as the collateral consequences of the legislative acts for the community and offenders’ trying to reintegrate with it require further empirical investigation. Knowledge as power for preventing crimes Working on the registration and community notification acts, the legislators did not take into consideration certain hindrances limiting their crime-reducing effects. The question whether awareness is sufficient for taking protecting steps and preventing the acts of sexual offence is rooted in the accuracy of the databases information and the community’s reaction to the provided information. The availability and accuracy of identification data on registrants are considered to be the Achilles’ heel of the registr ation and community notification acts. The method of registering the ex-offenders in the nationwide registries has got plenty of limitations and imperfections. Logan (2009) noted that â€Å"expecting that ex-offenders, individuals with a proven capacity for antisocial conduct, will cooperate with the government in their ongoing surveillance and stigmatization would appear contrary to both logic and human experience† (p. 110). On the one hand, people unwilling to obey the laws in future would find the ways for escaping and not following the regulation norms. Certainly, Adam Walsh Act requires offender’s regular attendance of the police office and updating their contacting and identifying information. Still, it does not make the escape from the system impossible. The only measure imposed by the police with the aim of verifying the information would be sending nonreturnable letters to individuals known for their criminal past. On the other hand, the awareness that the pol ice and the community watch their actions influences the self-perception and behavior of those ex-offenders which potentially could become repeated criminals.Advertising Looking for research paper on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The registration and notification procedures may raise the caution of the public towards the offender; however, this does not assure absolute safety (Solove, 2003). In fact, it may only restrain a potential repeat offender, thus reduce cases allied to them from recurring. Improving general vigilance may serve better such that potential victims are equally cautious of either those who are repeat offenders as well as new offenders. The need to rid of society the vice should supersede the desire to stigmatize the offenders. Preventing the problem serves comparatively better than managing the same. Some of those who may have committed the offence once may not engage in such behaviors thus a disciplined mechanism may come in handy in reintegrating them back to the society. General vigilance will not only focus on historical cases but also on development mechanisms that will prevent future occurrences. This in a way would solve the problem before it happens. In a way the solution will foc us on society itself providing solution that are facing them than leaning on the state law as the defender. Lives lost as well as pain afflicted on victims may not be reversed once the vice is committed much as the legal action is taken. General vigilance will keep any potential offender at bay as the victims to be are afore armed to their defense. The question whether the public awareness provides the potential victims and their families with the power for preventing the crimes remains rather disputable. As it was cited in O’Brien (1996) Karen Spinner, the spokeswoman of Association on Correction noted that â€Å"Knowing doesn’t stop it, and this law hasn’t improved the problem one iota† (p. 3). It was found out that Megan’s parents were aware of an ex-offender living in their neighborhood, but this knowledge did not motivate them for taking the appropriate steps and protecting their child. Megan’s law has got a lot of opponents whose opini on as to the effectiveness of this registration and community notification act is rather categorical. For example, as it was cited in O’Brien (1996), Martone, one of the opponents admitted that â€Å"It’s a little like a lion escaping from the zoo, and the cops come around with a picture of the lion† (p. 3). These emotional statements reflect rather the community’s perception of the situation and most citizens’ reaction to the enhanced awareness. The inaccuracy of the registries information, citizens’ misconceptions and other imperfections of the system decrease the effectiveness of the laws and result in various collateral consequences of the registration and notification procedures. However, the fact that there is much space left for improving notification does not mean that it is senseless, and its benefits should not be underestimated. Collateral consequences of Megan’s law The enforcement of registration and public notification a cts had significant impact on life of the society and crime preventing leading to positive and negative, willing and unwilling effects. The main collateral consequences of the laws aimed at raising the public awareness are panic in the society and the registered offenders’ difficulties in reintegration with the society even after the appropriate treatment course. Depending on the neighborhood setting, registration and notification procedures may have less impact. In some cases, it may cause public hysteria among parents and their children as well as their relatives when they are not aware of it (Bonnar-Kidd, 2010). This reactionary character may cause tension in the neighborhood as well as result to disharmony and lack of commitment even in other matters that need mutual concern. Such as, volunteer program, among others. In most cases the community notification results in public hysteria and panic, while it is almost impossible for the citizens to react to the information con cerning the registered ex-offender living in their neighborhood. For example, Bonnar-Kidd (2010) provides an example of an incident that took place in New York rural area in 2007, where after the notification about two registered sex-offenders living in the area, the members of the small community posted the signs warning that monsters lived there on the front doors of their homes. At the same time the citizens cannot feel in safety and may start panic after learning about the sex-offenders living so close to them. As it was cited in Bonnar-Kidd (2010), describing her feelings related to her awareness of the ex-offender living next doors, one of mothers noted: â€Å"I have slept approximately a combined 5 hours in the past 3 nights because I wake up in a panic and I need to get up and make sure that my children are okay† (Sexual offender laws and prevention of sexual violence or recidivism). In order to relieve hysteria and panic in the society as the main collateral conseque nces of public notification, the states governments imposed various measures. For example, in some states the safety zones to which the ex-offenders were not allowed were organized, while others preferred GPS monitoring of the ex-criminals. In some states the inscription â€Å"sex-offender† was included into the driver’s license. In other places they were prohibited to use the Internet connection or even undergo mandatory chemical castration. At the same time some of these measures violate the rights of the ex-offenders and deprive them of opportunities of reintegration with the society. In some states in the US, the offender should undergo treatment before release. If the offender has not fully recovered for registration and notification procedures then this may have adverse effects. Much as committing the offence, how the offender is handled could be tormenting leading to attempted suicide or he/she may resort to similar incidences. In a society where there is tenden cy to discriminate offenders or else mistreat them, such conduct could catalyze reactionary behavior. In this case, the community in which the offender has been reintegrated may aggravate the problems hence neither they nor the offender could contribute in preventing the vice. It is even argued whether Adam Walsh Act is a kind of ex post facto law which is prohibited in Article 1, section 9 of the United States Constitution. The fact is that this legislative statute allows re-punishing a certain group of the ex-offenders during their lives, mo matter how much time has passed since the moment of their actual crime. This registration and public notification law divides the sex-offenders into three groups depending upon the gravity of their crime and hazard they pose to the society. The failure to register and provide the accurate information is considered to be a felony resulting in serious punishment. According to Bonnar-Kidd (2010), there are more issues of health that should be att ended to rather than to focus on assault. Attention should be focused on physical and mental healing of the victims than seeking criminal justice. The registration and notification procedures may cause more harm than save the situation especially when victims are not well informed and guided towards appreciating their status. Retribution and self-denial may result leading to new sets of crime. Priority on victims should focus on recovery, restoration of normal life and if possible reconciliation between the principal parties. A situation where emphasis is put on punishing the offender even after serving maximum sentence makes it difficult for the reformed offender and victim to interact freely. Actually, how these legal procedures are applied may result to more cases going unreported in the fear of public scrutiny. With the entry of high-speed connection and communication between people and wide access to information especially in the internet, many may dislike publicity associated with the wrong reasons. The degree of ultimate success achieved from implementing the legal procedures should also be seen in how the victims are both protected from future attacks as well as have their lives restored to normalcy. The public should not be protected at the expense of trauma on victims. Barriers for ex-offenders’ reintegration with the society The fact is that the measures aimed at isolating of the ex-offenders in the society might appear to be ineffective having negative impact on their further personal development. Facing various barriers in the process of their reintegration with the society, including the housing, employment and education limitations, the registered criminals might become discouraged and disillusioned. It increases their risk of committing subsequent crimes. The former sex-offenders are monitored during their studies at colleges or even not allowed to take courses presupposing close contact with other participants of the teaching-learning p rocess. The results of the empirical studies proved that the registered ex-offender have more employment problems than individuals with a criminal history. Community segregation is another collateral consequence of the notification acts. Bonnar-Kidd (2010) noted that â€Å"We are supposed to be stopping violence, not promoting it, and what does it promote when you tell everyone where these guys live?† (Sexual offender laws and prevention of sexual violence or recidivism). A lot of cases against the ex-offenders were registered after the reinforcement of the public notification acts, resulting in their aggression in response. Thus, Megan’s law and Adam Walsh Act creating barriers for ex-offenders reintegration in the society as one of the main unwilling consequence of their reinforcement are not only ineffective but even increase the risk of committing extra crimes. Conclusion The inaccuracy of the data provided by the state registries, imperfections of the system and v arious collateral consequences of the laws reduced the effectiveness of these legislative acts. Megan’s law and Adam Walsh Act had the converse effect on the atmosphere in the community. As opposed to their primary goal of preventing the crime, raising the public awareness with the aim of taking the self-protecting steps, the collateral consequences of the project, such as panic and hysteria among the community members and hindrances for ex-offenders’ reintegration with the society strained reduced the feeling of safety and increased risks of recidivism. Reference List Bonnar-Kidd, K. K., (2010). Health Policy and Ethics: Sexual Offender Laws And Prevention Of Sexual Violence Or Recidivism. American Journal of Public Health, 100 (3), 412-419. from http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/content/full/100/3/412 Caldwell, M. F. (2007). Sexual Offense Adjudication and Sexual Recidivism among Juvenile Offenders. Springer Science, 19, 107–113. University of Wisconsinâ₠¬â€œMadison. Retrieved from http://www.wisspd.org/html/training/ProgMaterials/CH980-09/SOASR.pdf Denning, B. P. Reynolds G. H. (2009). Heller, High Water (mark)? 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Retrieved from www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?53+D uke+L.+J.+967+pdf This research paper on Megan’s law and Adam Walsh Act was written and submitted by user Julianne Kirk to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.